In writing, a specific octave is often indicated through the addition of a number after the note letter name. ![]() Leon Crickmore recently proposed that "The octave may not have been thought of as a unit in its own right, but rather by analogy like the first day of a new seven-day week". However, it is believed that a set of cuneiform tablets that collectively describe the tuning of a nine-stringed instrument, believed to be a Babylonian lyre, describe tunings for seven of the strings, with indications to tune the remaining two strings an octave from two of the seven tuned strings. The languages in which the oldest extant written documents on tuning are written, Sumerian and Akkadian, have no known word for "octave". ![]() Octave equivalency is a part of most "advanced musical cultures", but is far from universal in "primitive" and early music. Thus all C ♯s, or all 1s (if C = 0), in any octave are part of the same pitch class. The conceptualization of pitch as having two dimensions, pitch height (absolute frequency) and pitch class (relative position within the octave), inherently include octave circularity. This is called octave equivalency, the assumption that pitches one or more octaves apart are musically equivalent in many ways, leading to the convention "that scales are uniquely defined by specifying the intervals within an octave". For this reason, notes an octave apart are given the same note name in the Western system of music notation-the name of a note an octave above A is also A. Notes separated by an octave "ring" together, adding a pleasing sound to music. The human ear tends to hear both notes as being essentially "the same", due to closely related harmonics. ![]() Play ( helpĪfter the unison, the octave is the simplest interval in music. " Twinkle Twinkle Little Star" melody doubled in four octaves: consonant and equivalent. The octave above or below an indicated note is sometimes abbreviated 8 a or 8 va ( Template:Lang-it), 8 va bassa ( Template:Lang-it, sometimes also 8 vb), or simply 8 for the octave in the direction indicated by placing this mark above or below the staff. To emphasize that it is one of the perfect intervals (including unison, perfect fourth, and perfect fifth), the octave is designated P8. The octave has occasionally been referred to as a diapason. The interval between the first and second harmonics of the harmonic series is an octave. Two notes separated by an octave have the same letter name and are of the same pitch class. ![]() For example, the C major scale is typically written C D E F G A B C, the initial and final Cs being an octave apart. The most important musical scales are typically written using eight notes, and the interval between the first and last notes is an octave. The octave relationship is a natural phenomenon that has been referred to as the "basic miracle of music", the use of which is "common in most musical systems". It is defined by ANSI as the unit of frequency level when the base of the logarithm is two. In music, an octave ( Latin: octavus: eighth) or perfect octave is the interval between one musical pitch and another with half or double its frequency. Multi-octave F major chord with octaves marked by brackets.
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